15% off £35

Code:DEAL
OffersBlack Friday DealsBuy one get one 1/2 price25% off Online Only OfferBetter than 1/2 priceBuy 1 Get 1 Free EventOutletBuy 6 Naturya products to get free blender2 for £18 Mix & Match2 for £5 Mix & MatchShort DatedVitamins & SupplementsVitamins & Supplements Shop AllHair, Skin & NailsCollagen & SilicaMuscle Support & Joint PainDigestive HealthMagnesiumFunctional MushroomsVitaminsShop all VitaminsMultivitaminsVitamin AVitamin BVitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KVitamin DrinksMineralsShop all MineralsMagnesiumIronZincCalciumSeleniumChromiumSupplementsShop all SupplementsFibre SupplementsAcidophilus & Friendly BacteriaPeppermint OilGrapeseed ExtractLecithinCollagen & SilicaOmega & Fish OilsPlant Sourced SupplementsSuperfood SupplementsArnicaApple CiderRaspberry KetonesAloe VeraChondroitin & MSMCo Enzyme Q10Evening Primrose OilGarlicGinkgo BilobaGlucosamineGlucomannanSeaweed, Kelps and Aquaceuticals5 HTPDigestive EnzymesSaw palmettoCharcoalConditionShop all ConditionCholesterolAllergy & Hay Fever CareAnxiety SupportBone & Muscle HealthMuscle Support & Joint PainBrain & Memory SupportWomen's HealthMen's HealthChildren's HealthCold & Immune SupportFatigueDigestive HealthHair, Skin & NailsHeart & CirculationLiver CareMood SupportSexual HealthSleep & RelaxationStress ReliefVisionWomen's HealthShop all Women's HealthPerimenopauseMenopauseMenstrual SupportUrinary Tract HealthPregnancy & ConceptionMen's HealthShop all Men's HealthProstate HealthChildren's HealthCBD Vitamins & SupplementsShop all CBD Vitamins & SupplementsCBD OilCBD CapsulesCBD SprayCBD GummiesHerbal & Licensed RemediesShop all Herbal & Licensed RemediesRescue RemedyAshwagandhaMilk ThistleGinseng & GuaranaHomeopathic & Flower RemediesShop all Homeopathic & Flower RemediesRescue RemedyTissue SaltsFlower RemediesHomeopathic RemediesAt-Home TestsVegan Vitamins & SupplementsHolland & BarrettVitabioticsSolgarNew NordicBetterYouWeledaBioglanGrass & Co.Nature's WayNatures AidBlack Friday DealsBuy one get one 1/2 priceBetter than 1/2 price25% off Online Only OfferBuy 1 Get 1 Free EventOutletBuy 6 Naturya products to get free blenderShort DatedDairy FreeGluten FreeSesame Seed FreeCelery FreeCereal FreeCrustaceans FreeEgg FreeFish FreeKiwi FreeLupin FreeNew inFood & DrinkChristmas Food & GiftsAdvent CalendarsFood & Drink Shop AllDried Fruit, Nuts & SeedsShop all Dried Fruit, Nuts & SeedsDried FruitNutsSeedsMixesTeas, Coffee & Hot BeveragesShop all Teas, Coffee & Hot BeveragesCoffee & Coffee SubstitutesMushroom DrinksTeasSuperfood TeasMatcha & Green TeaHerbal TeaPeppermint TeaSleep & RelaxationSlimming TeaWomen's Health TeasHoney, Jams & SpreadsShop all Honey, Jams & SpreadsManuka HoneyHoneyNut ButtersJams & ChutneysSyrupsSpreadsPateDrinks & JuicesShop all Drinks & JuicesMultipack DrinksJuices & Health ShotsNatural Energy DrinksCoconut WaterKombuchaCBD DrinksSoft DrinksWaterAlcohol Free DrinksProtein ShakesSuperfoodsShop all SuperfoodsSuperfood BlendsSupergreensMoringa PowderSpirulinaMaca PowderFlaxseedBaobabChia SeedsGoji BerriesGut HealthSnacksShop all SnacksSweet SnacksSavoury SnacksLow Calorie SnacksChocolateCrisps & ChipsCrackers & CrispbreadsBiscuits & CookiesSnack BarsFlapjacksLiquoricePopcornVegan FoodShop all Vegan FoodMeat-Free AlternativesDairy Free DrinksEgg SubstitutesVegan ProteinVegan Protein BarsFood CupboardShop all Food CupboardApple Cider VinegarCondiments & SaucesMeat-Free AlternativesSoup & Ready MealsRice, Pasta, Pulses & GrainsGravy, Broths & StockBreakfast CerealsShop all Breakfast CerealsCereals, Bran & FlakesGranolaMuesliOats & PorridgeBreakfast BarsCookingShop all CookingCooking IngredientsApple Cider VinegarCondiments & SaucesMeat-Free AlternativesSoup & Ready MealsRice, Pasta, Pulses & GrainsTinned FoodsHerbs, Spices & SeasoningGravy, Broths & StockHome BakingShop all Home BakingBaking IngredientsBaking MixesBreadFlourSweeteners & Sugar AlternativesEgg SubstitutesDairy Free DrinksShop all Dairy Free DrinksOat, Rice & Hemp DrinksSoya DrinksNut DrinksNutritionally Complete FoodHolland & BarrettNaturyaGrenadeHeath & HeatherHuelPukkaTwiningsNakdMeridianPerfectTedBlack Friday Deals25% off Online Only OfferBuy one get one 1/2 priceBetter than 1/2 priceBuy 6 Naturya products to get free blenderBuy 1 Get 1 Free Event2 for £5 Mix & MatchOutletGluten FreeDairy FreeWheat FreeSugar FreeEgg FreeMilk FreeSoya FreeSesame Seed FreeCelery FreeFish FreeNew inSports NutritionSports Nutrition Shop AllProteinShop all ProteinWhey ProteinClear ProteinMass GainersVegan ProteinDiet ProteinCaseinSports SupplementsShop all Sports SupplementsTestosteroneElectrolytesEnergy GelsSports CollagenCreatineShop all CreatineCreatine PowderCreatine CapsulesBars, Drinks & SnacksShop all Bars, Drinks & SnacksEnergy BarsProtein BarsProtein ShakesProtein SnacksNutritionally Complete FoodMeal Replacement ShakesPre Workout & EnergyShop all Pre Workout & EnergyPre WorkoutCaffeine Free Pre WorkoutAmino Energy PowdersIntra WorkoutPost WorkoutKetoAmino AcidsShop all Amino AcidsAmino Energy PowdersBCAAL-LysineGlutamineCarnitineArginineVegan Sports NutritionShop all Vegan Sports NutritionVegan ProteinVegan Protein BarsVegan Pre Workout & EnergyVegan Amino AcidsVegan CreatineSports AccessoriesShop all Sports AccessoriesBottles & ShakersFitness EquipmentOptimum NutritionPrecision EngineeredUSNGrenadeApplied NutritionMyproteinHolland & BarrettNakdPhDHuelBlack Friday DealsBuy one get one 1/2 priceBetter than 1/2 price25% off Online Only OfferOutletBuy 6 Naturya products to get free blenderBuy 1 Get 1 Free EventGluten FreeDairy FreeSugar FreeWheat FreeEgg FreePalm Oil FreeMilk FreeSesame Seed FreeCelery FreeCrustaceans FreeNew inBeautyGiftsNatural Beauty Shop AllAromatherapy & HomeShop all Aromatherapy & HomePure Essential OilsBlended Essential OilsBase & Carrier OilsHolisticSkincareShop all SkincarePremium SkincareFace CareBody CareSun CareTanning & BronzingEye CareLip CareFoot CareHand & Nail CareSkin AilmentsSkin OilsCBD BeautySun CareShop all Sun CareSun Lotion SPFMineral Sun CareFace SPFAfter SunHair Skin & NailsWashing & BathingShop all Washing & BathingShampoo & ConditionerBathing AccessoriesFeminine CareShower Gel & Body WashDeodorantDentalHand WashSoapBath Soak & OilBody ScrubBath Bombs & SaltsIncontinence SupportHair CareShop all Hair CareShampoo & ConditionerHair ColouringHair MasksHair Oil & SerumHair Spray, Gel & MousseHair AccessoriesMother & BabyShop all Mother & BabyBaby Skincare & ToiletriesElectrical WellnessSexual WellnessDr OrganicFaith in NatureWeledaHolland & BarrettNaturtintTisserandMiaromaSukinQ+AEthiqueBlack Friday DealsBuy one get one 1/2 price25% off Online Only OfferBuy 1 Get 1 Free EventBetter than 1/2 priceOutlet2 for £18 Mix & MatchAlcohol FreeDairy FreeGluten FreeParfum FreePalm Oil FreeMicroplastics FreeSesame Seed FreeSoya FreeCelery FreeCereal FreeNew inCBDShop all CBDCBD Vitamins & SupplementsShop all CBD Vitamins & SupplementsCBD OilCBD CapsulesCBD SprayCBD GummiesCBD Food & DrinkCBD BeautyGrass & Co.Cannaray CBDCBDfxTRIPfourfiveHolistic HerbHolland & BarrettReakiroLove HempBody & Mind BotanicalsBlack Friday DealsBetter than 1/2 priceBuy one get one 1/2 price25% off Online Only OfferBuy 1 Get 1 Free EventOutletShort DatedDairy FreeAlcohol FreeGluten FreeNew inWeight ManagementWeight Management Shop AllFat Burners, Binders & Appetite SuppressantsShop all Fat Burners, Binders & Appetite SuppressantsFat BurnersFat BindersAppetite SuppressantsSlimming TabletsWeight Management Shakes Shop all Weight Management Shakes Meal Replacement ShakesDiet ProteinDiet Food & DrinkShop all Diet Food & DrinkHealthier CookingLow Calorie SnacksSlimming TeasExercise SupportShop all Exercise SupportFitness EquipmentMeal Replacement ShakesDiet ProteinProtein BarsHolland & BarrettGrenadeHeath & HeatherPhDUSNOptimum NutritionBouncePulsinTrekDiabloBlack Friday Deals25% off Online Only OfferBetter than 1/2 priceBuy one get one 1/2 priceBuy 1 Get 1 Free EventOutletGluten FreeSugar FreeDairy FreeWheat FreeEgg FreeMilk FreeCelery FreeCrustaceans FreeFish FreeKiwi FreeNew inVeganChristmasHealth & WellnessShop all Health & WellnessEnergyJoints Bones & MusclesGut HealthHair Skin & NailsStress AnxietySleep & RelaxationHolland & BarrettVitabioticsNaturtintWeledaSolgarOptimum NutritionDr OrganicBetterYouApplied NutritionWildBlack Friday DealsBuy one get one 1/2 price25% off Online Only OfferBetter than 1/2 priceBuy 1 Get 1 Free Event2 for £18 Mix & MatchOutletBuy 6 Naturya products to get free blenderDairy FreeGluten FreeAlcohol FreeSugar FreeWheat FreeEgg FreeSesame Seed FreeCelery FreeCrustaceans FreeFish FreeNew inShop for your WellnessGut HealthImmunityEnergySkincareWomen's HealthMenstrual HealthMenopauseJoints, Bones & MusclesHair, Skin & NailsSleep & RelaxationFood & DietChildren's HealthStress ReliefHealthy HeartLow Mood & DepressionConcentration & AlertnessEye HealthSexual HealthLearn about WellnessJoints, Bones & MusclesWomen's HealthPeriods & Cycle HealthMenopauseImmunityGut HealthFood & DietSports & FitnessSleep & RelaxationHair Skin & NailsArticlesAll articlesHealthFood & nutritionGut healthImmunityJoints, bones & musclesWomen's healthWellnessHair & skinMental wellbeingSeasonalSleep & relaxationSports nutritionRecipesAll recipesGluten freeLow sugarVeganDairy freePodcast

How to reduce stress

heeral-patel-bio

Reviewed byHeeral Patel

male getting backpack from car in active wear
Unlock the secrets to reducing stress with effective stress relief and management tools. Advice on how to find quick stress relief and balance.
In a world that's constantly racing, where juggling work deadlines and chaotic family life has become the norm, the toll on our well-being is undeniable. It’s no wonder nearly 75% of us admit to feeling overwhelmed by stress.1

But here's the good news: you have the power to reduce stress, reclaim your peace of mind, and regain balance. So, take a deep breath, relax, and let us show you the way to a stress-free you.

5 ways to de-stress

Let’s explore five practical techniques that can help you reduce stress, relax, and restore balance in your everyday life.

1. Deep breathing

Take slow, deliberate breaths, focusing on inhaling and exhaling deeply from your abdomen rather than shallow breathing from your chest. 

When we ‘belly breathe’ instead of breathing from the chest, we stimulate the vagus nerve, which activates your relaxation response.2 This is a very popular breathing practice in yoga.

If you’re not sure you’re ‘doing it right’, it can help if you place one hand on your belly, and the other on your chest, and as you breathe in, you should feel your chest stay still, while your belly expands like a balloon.3

Research has shown that you’re able to lower cortisol levels (stress hormone) by taking deep breaths from your abdomen.4,5

2. Sit up straight

When we’re stressed, it can be easy to want to curl up into a ball on the sofa or slump over your desk. In fact, multiple studies have established a link between posture and our mental health, including anxiety and depression.6

A randomised 2015 trial with 74 participants concluded that maintaining an upright posture during stressful situations promoted positivity, higher self-esteem, and resilience to stressors.7

The next time you find yourself feeling overwhelmed and slouchy, try to straighten yourself out and assume your power pose!

3. Mindfulness techniques

Mindfulness is much more than colouring (although we do love a bit of mindful art), its actually about living in the present moment and not thinking too much about the future or the past. It’s recognised by the NHS, NICE and the mental health charity Mind as an effective way to alleviate stress, feelings of anxiety, and depressive moods.9,10

Here are a few proven mindfulness techniques to try if you’re feeling stressed: 
  • mindful eating: paying particular attention to the taste, appearance, and textures of what you eat.11
  • meditation: quietly sitting with your thoughts, focussing on the sensations you feel in your body or around you.11 
  • body scan: with your eyes closed, start at the top of your head, and mentally acknowledge and check in with each part of body. One by one, bring your awareness to your head, your eyes, your mouth and so forth, and pay attention to any feelings, sensations, or discomfort, taking about 20-30 seconds to focus on each body part.
Multiple studies have shown that regular meditation (mindfulness-based) can lower cortisol levels.12

4. Frequent exercise

We know that there will be a collective groan at this suggestion, but time and time again, exercise has shown itself to be a powerful and proven method for reducing stress.15

Regular physical activity has been shown to relieve stress through: 
  • supressing the release of cortisol in response to a psychosocial stressor. When you exercise, your body releases adrenaline and cortisol as part of its stress response. These stress hormones prepare your body for action. Over time, your body becomes better at managing stress, and the adrenaline and cortisol responses to stressors can become less intense.16 
  • releasing endorphins. These are often referred to as "feel-good" chemicals because they create a sense of euphoria and reduce pain perception.17 Endorphins serve as natural mood lifters and can significantly improve your emotional state. 
  • enhancing sleep quality. Regular exercise can help extend the duration of your deep or slow-wave sleep, which is the most restful and restorative stage of sleep. Not only that, after exercise, your body temperature tends to rise. However, as your body cools down post-exercise, it signals to your brain that it's time to sleep.21 Studies have shown that this natural drop in body temperature can help you fall asleep faster.22
Time to dust off those trainers!

5. Vitamins & minerals

Various vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in regulating mood, reducing stress, and promoting overall mental well-being. Studies have revealed that being ‘low’ on certain vitamins can affect your mood and perceived stress.23 Here are some of the most common culprits: 
  • vitamin B6: B vitamins contribute to the normal functioning of the nervous system.24, 25 
  • magnesium: magnesium is a mineral that contributes to normal psychological function. 26 If you’re low in magnesium, consuming magnesium-rich foods like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, can help. 
  • vitamin D: often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin," vitamin D plays a vital role in mood regulation.27,28

Before you start taking a new product, make sure you check in with a doctor to see if it’s right for you.

Essential oils to combat stress

If you're looking for a non-medical approach for alleviating stress or a quick solution for stress-inducing scenarios like exams or interviews, essential oils could be a great option for you.

There are so many great options, here are our picks to kick that fight-or-flight response to the curb are our picks to kick that fight-or-flight response to the curb:

Lavender oil

Lavender is one of the most popular essential oils. It anecdotally has a diverse range of benefits, including promoting calmness and relaxation.29

It may help soothe and prepare you for a good night’s sleep, or just to help unwind after a difficult day. As a stress reliever, it’s praised as one of the most calming oils to use.

Rose oil

Rose essential oil has an unmistakable scent and comes a close second to lavender in terms of being used by people for stress relief.30

Chamomile oil

Chamomile is a peaceful scent which has been shown to have calming properties. In one study with 183 participants, researchers saw a decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress levels in the older participants.31

Using chamomile oil in a diffuser to disperse the scent into the air, in a bath blend, or as part of a massage oil, can help dispel some of the physical and mental tension caused by a hard day.

Frankincense oil

With its warm, exotic scent, frankincense encourages peaceful feelings for people. In a recent animal study, researchers found frankincense to have stress relieving properties, as well as contributing to more restful sleep.32

This uplifting scent is often used in yoga studios as it encourages a calming and reflective effect.

Orange oil

Sourced from the rind of this zesty fruit, orange, and sweet orange essential oils have been known to uplift moods with their sweet, sunny, and refreshing scents.33

Clary sage

Clary sage originates from the Latin “clarus”, meaning “clear.”We like to think of clary sage as “clearing” away the dark clouds of our mood, as it’s traditionally been known for its uplifting and anti-stress actions.34

Larger clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy of these oils; however, the anecdotal reviews and small studies are promising!

How essential oils relieve stress

Inhaling the aromas of essential oils stimulates the olfactory nerves within your nose, these nerves then communicate with the limbic system within your brain.36

The limbic system, often known as your “emotional brain”, is directly connected to other parts of the brain that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, memory, stress levels, and hormone balance.37 This is why our sense of smell is so closely linked to our emotional responses and mood, and why certain smells remind us of past experiences.38

FAQs

What is stress?

Stress is your body’s reaction to pressure, and it all starts when the stress response is triggered.21  The body’s response to stress is actually an important survival mechanism handed down from our ancestors. Although nowadays, it’s more likely to be triggered by psychological threats such as running late for a meeting, rather than a sabre-toothed tiger.

When you sense danger – like a car hurtling towards you – your brain prompts the adrenal glands to release the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol.22

These powerful hormones then activate the sympathetic nervous system, which causes rapid physical changes that are designed to help you escape.

That restless, jittery, stomach-churning sensation you experience when you’re stressed is the infamous ‘fight or flight’ response, helping your body get ready to leap into action.40

But a little stress can still be a good thing; it can keep you laser-focussed in a dance battle, and that jittery feeling before a job interview can help you find focus and power through.

What are some common symptoms of stress?

Stress is an everyday part of life, and it affects everyone differently. Symptoms of stress can manifest in various ways and recognising them is the first step in managing stress effectively. Here are some typical signs and symptoms of stress: 
  • feeling very agitated, irritable, angry, or tearful40 
  • physical symptoms include stomach problems and headache40
  • struggling to make decisions or feeling overwhelmed40 
  • feeling dizzy or faint40
You should always speak to your GP if you’re concerned about any of your symptoms as it could be an underlying issue.

The final say

Stress is a common issue in our fast-paced lives, with various factors contributing to its prevalence. To combat stress, consider five practical techniques: deep breathing, maintaining an upright posture, mindfulness practices, and regular exercise.

Essential oils offer a non-medical approach to stress relief, including lavender, rose, chamomile, frankincense, orange, and clary sage. Inhaling these oils could help with mood and emotional responses. Remember that common symptoms of stress vary, ranging from physical symptoms like headaches to emotional responses such as irritability.

Recognising these symptoms is crucial for effective stress management and maintaining a sense of balance in your life.

Sources

1. Stress: statistics [Internet]. Mental Health Foundation. 2018 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/statistics/stress-statistics
2. Gerritsen S, Guido. Breath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience [Internet]. 2018 Oct 9 [cited 2023 Nov 3];12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6189422/
3. Deep breathing exercise - Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust [Internet]. Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.torbayandsouthdevon.nhs.uk/services/pain-service/reconnect2life/creating-skills-for-the-future/learning-relaxation-skills/deep-breathing-exercise/
4. Ma X, Zi Qi Yue, Zhu Qing Gong, Zhang H, Nai Yue Duan, Shi Y, et al. The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. 2017 Jun 6 [cited 2023 Nov 3];8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5455070/
5. Hany Ezzat Obaya, Ali A, Salem AM, Mai Ali Shehata, Aldhahi MI, Muka T, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Physiology [Internet]. 2023 Jul 13 [cited 2023 Nov 3];14. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10373883/
6. Wilkes C, Kydd RR, Sagar M, Broadbent E. Upright posture improves affect and fatigue in people with depressive symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017 Mar 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];54:143–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005791616301719
7. Nair S, Sagar M, Sollers JJ, Consedine NS, Broadbent E. Do slumped and upright postures affect stress responses? A randomized trial. Health Psychology [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];34(6):632–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25222091/
8. NHS Choices. What is mindfulness? [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/mental-wellbeing-tips/what-is-mindfulness/
9. Recommendations | Depression in adults: treatment and management | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. Nice.org.uk. NICE; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222/chapter/Recommendations
10. What is mindfulness? [Internet]. Mind.org.uk. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/drugs-and-treatments/mindfulness/about-mindfulness/
11. Mindfulness exercises and tips [Internet]. Mind.org.uk. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/drugs-and-treatments/mindfulness/mindfulness-exercises-tips/
12. By Your Headspace Mindfulness & Meditation Experts. Body scan meditation to reduce stress [Internet]. Headspace. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from:https://www.headspace.com/meditation/body-scan
13. Meditation interventions efficiently reduce cortisol levels of at-risk samples: a meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 3]; Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17437199.2020.1760727
14. Khoury B, Lecomte T, Fortin G, Marjolaine Massé, Thérien P, Bouchard V, et al. Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review [Internet]. 2013 Aug 1 [cited 2023 Nov 1];33(6):763–71. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272735813000731?via=ihub
15. Basso JC, Suzuki W. The Effects of Acute Exercise on Mood, Cognition, Neurophysiology, and Neurochemical Pathways: A Review. Brain plasticity [Internet]. 2017 Mar 28 [cited 2023 Nov 3];2(2):127–52. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5928534/#ref030
16. Caplin A, Chen FS, Beauchamp MR, Puterman E. The effects of exercise intensity on the cortisol response to a subsequent acute psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];131:105336–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453021002109
17. Chu B, Marwaha K, Sanvictores T, Ayers D. Physiology, Stress Reaction [Internet]. Nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541120/
18. Tiina Saanijoki, Tuominen L, Tuulari JJ, Nummenmaa L, Eveliina Arponen, Kalliokoski KK, et al. Opioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology [Internet]. 2017 Jul 19 [cited 2023 Nov 3];43(2):246–54. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2017148
19. Sprouse-Blum AS, Smith G, Sugai D, Parsa FD. Understanding endorphins and their importance in pain management. Hawaii medical journal [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2023 Nov 3];69(3):70–1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104618/
20. Park I, Díaz J, Matsumoto S, Kaito Iwayama, Yoshiharu Nabekura, Ogata H, et al. Exercise improves the quality of slow-wave sleep by increasing slow-wave stability. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2021 Feb 24 [cited 2023 Nov 3];11(1). Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83817-6
21. Aritake-Okada, S., Tanabe, K., Mochizuki, Y., Ochiai, R., Hibi, M., Kozuma, K., … Uchida, S. (2019).
22. Diurnal repeated exercise promotes slow-wave activity and fast-sigma power during sleep with increase in body temperature: a human crossover trial | Journal of Applied Physiology [Internet]. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00765.2018
23. Long S, Benton D. Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation on Stress, Mild Psychiatric Symptoms, and Mood in Nonclinical Samples. Psychosomatic Medicine [Internet]. 2013 Feb 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];75(2):144–53. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/psychosomaticmedicine/abstract/2013/02000/effects_of_vitamin_and_mineral_supplementation_on.7.aspx
24. NHS Choices. B vitamins and folic acid - Vitamins and minerals [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-b/
25. Durrani D, Idrees R, Idrees H, Aayat Ellahi. Vitamin B6: A new approach to lowering anxiety, and depression? Annals of Medicine and Surgery [Internet]. 2022 Oct 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];82. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9577631/
26. Pickering G, Mazur A, Trousselard M, Przemysław Bieńkowski, Yaltsewa N, Amessou M, et al. Magnesium Status and Stress: The Vicious Circle Concept Revisited. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Nov 28 [cited 2023 Nov 3];12(12):3672–2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761127/
27. NHS Choices. Vitamin D - Vitamins and minerals [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/
28. Menon V, Sujita Kumar Kar, Suthar N, Naresh Nebhinani. Vitamin D and Depression: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and Future Directions. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];42(1):11–21. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6970300/
29. Ghavami T, Mohsen Kazeminia, Fatemeh Rajati. The effect of lavender on stress in individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine [Internet]. 2022 Sep 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];68:102832–2. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229922000346
30. Mohebitabar S, Shirazi M, Bioos S, Rahimi R, Malekshahi F, Nejatbakhsh F. Therapeutic efficacy of rose oil: A comprehensive review of clinical evidence. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Nov 3];7(3):206–13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511972/
31. Ebrahimi H, Abbas Mardani, Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, Azam Hamidzadeh, Eskandari F. The effects of Lavender and Chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety, and stress in older community-dwelling people: A randomized controlled trial. Explore-the Journal of Science and Healing [Internet]. 2022 May 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];18(3):272–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33454232/
32. Okano S, Honda Y, Kodama T, Kimura M. The Effects of Frankincense Essential Oil on Stress in Rats. Journal of Oleo Science [Internet]. 2019;68(10):1003–9. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/68/10/68_ess19114/_pdf/-char/en
33. Fahimeh Rashidi-Fakari, Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr, Mortazavi H. The effect of aromatherapy by essential oil of orange on anxiety during labor: A randomized clinical trial. iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];20(6):661–1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700683/
34. Mohaddese Mahboubi. Clary sage essential oil and its biological activities. Advances in Traditional Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Jan 9 [cited 2023 Nov 3];20(4):517–28. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13596-019-00420-x
35. Lee M, Lim S, Song JA, Mi Eun Kim, Hur MH. The effects of aromatherapy essential oil inhalation on stress, sleep quality and immunity in healthy adults: Randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];12:79–86. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876382017300951
36. Muhammad Helwany, Bordoni B. Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory) [Internet]. Nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556051/
37. R Archana, Jinu KV, Kumar Sai Sailesh, Mishra S, Udaya Kumar Reddy, Mukkadan JK. Understanding the links between vestibular and limbic systems regulating emotions. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];8(1):11–1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320810/
38. Mikiko Kadohisa. Effects of odor on emotion, with implications. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience [Internet]. 2013 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794443/
39. Habib Yaribeygi, Panahi Y, Hedayat Sahraei, Johnston TP, Amirhossein Sahebkar. The impact of stress on body function: A review. PubMed [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Nov 3];16:1057–72. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579396/
40. NHS Choices. Dealing with stress [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/mental-health-issues/stress/
 

Related Articles